MARATHON RUNNING , SECRETS OF ELECTROLYTES AND PERSONALISED DRINKS – CAPT AJIT VADAKAYIL

ELECTROLYTE BALANCE,  SODIUM ,  POTASSIUM , CALCIUM,  MAGNESIUM,  CHLORIDE,  HYPONATREMIA , AEROBIC METABOLISM, ATP,  VO2 max, LACTATE THRESHOLD , ATP , GLYCOGEN , HYDRATION, CARBOHYDRATE LOADING, SLOW TWITCH MUSCLE FIBRE, CRAMPING,  ISOTONIC/  HYPERTONIC DRINKS, 

http://indianexpress.com/sports/rio-2016-olympics/op-jaisha-runs-marathon-without-water-energy-drinks-as-india-officials-go-missing-2990833/

Below: 

After she fainted at the finish line, Rio doctors pumped in 7 bottles of glucose and 3 bottles of Sodium into her body.  

She was TOTALLY dehydrated and suffering from extreme  HYPONATREMIA --  hundreds of marathon runners have died this way..

It is very demoralising when ALL gets personalised drinks except you. 

OP Jaisha is an Indian Marathon national record holder.  She nearly died at Rio Olympics 2016, at the finish line .  

The media, her foreign coach ( ignoramus ) and the Indian Olympic officials was most sarcastic with her .  

She set a national record by clocking 2:34:43 at the 2015 World Championships in Beijing.  In 2015, she made her marathon debut at the Mumbai Marathon and clinched first place in the Indian women's category

She is also a former national record holder in the 3000 metres steeplechase.

She won gold over 1500 metres and 3000 metres at the 1st Asian Indoor Games held at Bangkok in 2005.

At the 2014 Asian Games held in Incheon, South Korea, Jaisha won the 1500 metres bronze with a time of 4:13.46

SO FAR SHE AS NOT RECEIVED ANY AWARD FROM THE INDIAN GOVT, WHILE THEY GIVE AWARDS TO USELESS CRICKET PLAYERS.  

REMEMBER CRICKET IS PLAYED BY ONLY NINE AND A HALF NATIONS ON THIS PLANET . .WHILE ALL NATIONS RUN . .

Capt. Ajit VadakayilSeptember 14, 2016 at 7:02 AM

http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/more-sports/Javelin-thrower-Devendra-Jhajharia-wins-gold-in-Rio-Paralympics/articleshow/54320214.cms

I ASK MODI NOT TO GET CARRIED AWAY BY PARA OLYMPICS MEDALS, WHERE THERE IS NO COMPETITION.    DO NOT RUN THE NATION ON SENTIMENTS

DO NOT ALLOW A THREE LEGGED HORSE RACE , OR A ONE LEGGED DANCER TO IGNITE OUR MINDS ..

THERE IS HARDLY ANY COMPETITION

OP JAISHA IS THE MARATHON RECORD HOLDER OF INDIA. WHY HAS SHE NOT BEEN GIVEN A PRIZE TILL NOW..

MY NEXT POST WILL BE ON OP JAISHA AND LONG DISTANCE MARATHON

MY POST CAN BE USED IN THE MANUAL OF INDIAN COACHING FOR TRACK AND FIELD ATHLETICS

ALL SAID --  OP JAISHA REFUSED "PERSONALISED DRINKS"

LISTEN-- OP JAISHA KNOWS TO RUN AND SHE IS DOING IT

WE HAVE EMPLOYED A COACH ( FOREIGN ) ONLY FOR ONE SINGLE THING-- TO DETERMINE THE CONTENT OF HER "PERSONALIZED DRINK"

HE HAS NO OTHER JOB --  SACK THIS IGNORANT IDIOT ! .

BODY LOSES WATER AND ELECTROLYTES DURING A 42 KM RUN.

THE PERSONALISED DRINK IS EQUIVALENT TO OXYGEN AND FUEL FOR THE CAR .

SACK THE ENTIRE OLYMPIC COMMITTEE--

WHEN I WRITE MY NEXT POST YOU WILL KNOW THAT IT IS THE "PERSONALISED DRINK" ( TO REPLACE LOST WATER AND ELECTROLYTES ) --WHICH WINS THE RACE.     

NOT GADHE  KA JAISA RUNNING.


capt ajit vadakayil
..

I WILL KEEP MY POST AT THE “LOWEST COMMON DENOMINATOR” LEVEL SO THAT ATHLETES ,  PRETENDER FOREIGN  COACHES AND PEA BRAINED OFFICIALS ( WHO CONDUCT JOB  INTERVIEW OF WANNABE COACHES) CAN UNDERSTAND THIS.

IF I KEEP IT AT A HIGHER LEVEL , THIS POST WILL RUN INTO HUNDREDS OF PAGES-- AND WILL MISS THE TARGET AUDIENCE  .

IT IS A CRYING SHAME THAT A BLOGGER HAS TO WRITE ALL THIS ..   

IS INDIA A STUPID NATION ?

https://www.britannica.com/science/salt

QUOTE : HISTORY OF USE - In some parts of the Western Hemisphere and in India, the use of salt was introduced by Europeans : UNQUOTE

In the post written by Rothschilds historians SALT was introduced to India by the white invader.

TEE HEEEEE

India is a peninsula and has hajaaaar rock salt deposits , and we did NOT know what salt is ? 

WE ate cooked food from a menu when the white man was running around eating raw meat –and we did NOT know about salt ?

This is the reason why this blogsite declared in its mission statement –  I WILL REWRITE HISTORY.

If Capt Ajit Vadakayil cant do this , nobody else on this planet , past, present , future can.    People who know me will cry –  this is NO idle boast.

WHAT I WRITE NOW WILL SHOCK ALL -- 

MY REAL REVELATIONS HAVE NOT YET STARTED - - 

JUST SPOTTED THE GIRL-- MENTAL COPULATION/ PETTING / HUMPING / EJACULATION /  PILLOW TALK IS STILL FAR FAR AWAY . .

There was a wise king in mali named Mansa Musa . His kingdom was full of gold. 

You dig the sand with your fingers to make a hole a few feet deep ,  and out comes pure gold nuggets.

Below: To bury true history the white man burnt Mali libraries many times.   Last done by French mercenaries sent by Jew Rothschild..  The aim of the Jews was to destroy all copies of the original Koran written and edited at Kodungallur University .   The locals got wise and they buried all their ancient books traded for gold in fox holes in the desert ( it is still there ) .  The modern Koran is poison injected by the white Jew.

This wise king bartered his gold for knowledge translated into Arabic ( Math, Astronomy, Science, philosophy etc ) from the world’s most ancient University at Kodungallur owned by the King of Calicut— my hometown.

The king of Mali also bought ROCK SALT (  sodium + chloride + essential electrolytes like Potassium, Magnesium, Calcium  ) for its equal weight in gold.  

This wise king knew what he doing--  this thingy of gold for equal weight in rock salt ( SILENT BARTER ).

http://ajitvadakayil.blogspot.in/2013/01/mansa-musa-king-of-mali-and-sri.html

BELOW POST IS FOUL LIES—  ISLAMISTS NEVER BURNT THE LIBRARIES— FRENCH JEWS DID USING MERCENERIES.    

TODAY KORAN/ HADITH ARE POISON INJECTED AND MUSLIM KILLS BROTHER MUSLIM .   

THE ISLAM RELIGION WAS CORRUPTED TO MAKE ALL HATE ISLAM.    

THE JEWS DID DITTO TO CHRISTAINITY USING JESUIT JEWS IN THE GARB OF VATICAN CATHOLICS.

http://news.sky.com/story/mali-french-troops-advance-in-timbuktu-10456468

Recently I saw a western  TV programme .

The subject of the debate was –

“ WHY DID WHITE MANs KNOWLEDGE DRY UP AFTER THE ANCIENT GREEKS, IN AS MUCH AS THERE WAS DARK AGES TILL THE WHITE MAN CAME TO INDIA – IN BETWEEN THEY SCROUNGED FOR SOME KNOWLEDGE FROM THE ARABS”

One fat white lady said most sarcastically— WELL THE ANCIENT GREEK KNOWLEDGE WAS FOUND IN THE WATER.

The whole group then laughed loudly.

She had hit the nail on the head in one terse sentence..

All the ancient Greeks PYTHAGORAS, PLATO, ARISTOTLE , SOCRATES etc  stole knowledge from Kodungallur University and patented it in their own names.

Kodungallur was the cultural capital of Calicut king ( my hometown ) and also the SW monsoon time harbor ( Muziris ).

When the University professors got wind of the foul deceit they black balled Greek students.   They would NOT have minded if this knowledge was NOT twisted to suit Greek interests or even grossly misunderstood .

Then the white Intellectuals used Arabs ( as a front )  to buy Kodungallur University knowledge for gold.  The deal was fair and the Calicut King agreed.  

However to prevent subversion , all knowledge was translated into Arabic and Persian and only then it was sold.   

There was NO past practice in India of affixing your name to any book written as per our great Sanatana Dharma culture.

SO SO SO—

SINCE THE TIME THIEVING IMMORAL GREEKS WERE BLACKBALLED TO THE TIME THE WHITE INVADER CAME TO INDIA,  THE WHITE MAN STOLE TRANSLATED ARABIC KNOWLEDGE , AND THEN PATENTED IT IN THEIR OWN NAMES.

ITALIAN FIBONACCI WAS ONE SUCH THIEF.

I wrote the post below, 6 years ago.

http://ajitvadakayil.blogspot.in/2010/12/perfect-six-pack-capt-ajit-vadakayil.html

SO THE WHITE INVADER GAVE INDIAN SAVAGES SOAP AND SALT ?

WHEN I GO FOR AN AYURVEDIC MASSAGE THE COCONUT OIL  ( INFUSED WITH HERBS ) OIL IS VERY VISCOUS .

I GET A CHOICE OF USING WESTERN SOAP AND WESTERN SHAMPOO AFTER THE SAUNA BATH.   IT IS KEPT IN THE WASH ROOM.

I ALWAYS PREFERRED AYURVEDIC  SOAP AND SHAMPOO.   SOAP IS NOTHING BUT CHERUPAYAR PODI ( MOONG GRAM COARSE AND FINE POWDER )  .  SHAMPOO IS FROM ORGANIC LEAF . .

AND HULLLOOOO LYING WHITE MAN –THANK YOU SO MUCH FOR GIVING INDIA SALT.  WHAT WOULD WE HAVE DONE WITHOUT YOU . .

 YOUR INVASION SAVED US .

DHANNYA HO GAYA BHARATMATA !!

Below:  Check out the ANGREZ KA AULAADs FACE when he LIES !

Capt. Ajit VadakayilSeptember 14, 2016 at 8:40 AM

http://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-news-india/kerala-chief-minister-pinarayi-vijayan-demands-apology-from-amit-shah-for-humiliating-king-mahabali-vaman-onam-3029878/

THIS BLOGSITE APPRECIATEs COMMIE CM PINARAYI VIJAYAN .    THOUGH HE IS PLAYING FOUL COMMIE POLITICS. . .

AMIT SHAH HAS ENGAGED IN CULTURAL TERRORISM .

THIS BAD TASTE IN A MALAYALIs MOUTH HAS NOW SCUTTLES ALL CHANCES OF PM MODI MAKING INROADS INTO KERALA

WE HAVE SEEN HOW KEJRIWAAL AND NITISH KUMAR SLAPPED HIS FACE . . BALLS TO AMIT SHAH MAGIC ..

MODI SWEPT THE 2014 LOK SABHA ELECTIONS ONLY DUE TO SOCIAL MEDIA--NOT AMIT SHAH

KING MAHABALI IS KERALAs NO 1 ICON - - AHEAD OF VISHNU AVATAR PARASHURAMA. .

ONAM IS A DAY OF GRATITUDE , FOR HIS BENEVOLENT RULE OF KERALA . .

THIS HAS NOTHING TO DO WITH DALITS OF KERALA GETTING ANTAGONISED . . EVEN NAMBOODIRI BRAHMINS WILL GET ANTAGONISED.

BY LOVING MORTAL ASURA ( DANAVA ) KING KING MAHABALI, WE IN KERALA WILL NOT LOVE GOD LORD VISHNU ANY LESS --

WE KNOW VISHNU AS OUR LORD GURUVAYURAPPAN . . GURUVAYOOR TEMPLE IS THE MOST POWERFUL TEMPLE IN INDIA. . .

capt ajit vadakayil
..

hubofwellSeptember 15, 2016 at 11:25 AM
Hello Captain,

Why just Kerala? Whole of India worships some Danav/Asura kings/princes!

Who was bhakta PRAHLADA- respected all over India, he was son of Daitya Hiranyakashipu.

Holi celebrations are related to Prahlada and also ALL STATUES OF NARSIMHA AVATAR have Prahlada statue with them.

I HAVEN'T SEEN ANYONE POINTING THIS OUT YET ON SOCIAL MEDIA!

So, Amit Shah is IGNORANT and WRONG for ALL HINDUS. Not just Kerala.

THANK YOU FOR TWISTING MY ARM HUBOWELL . .

FOR THIS FORCES ME TO MAKE MY GREATEST REVELATION SINCE I STARTED BLOGGING

EVERY VESTIGE OF VEDIC KNOWLEDGE IS DANAVA KNOWLEDGE – I AM A DANAVA. 

AyurVEDA is from Kerala as only Kerala had the priceless herbs.

Today all relatives of Chikungunya / Dengue patients in Delhi are running around for blood ( low blood platelet count ) .   

There is NO cure on this planet other than the juice of papaya LEAF – just one table spoon and the platelet count rises in hours like magic.  

There are NO side effects with Ayurvedic medicine.

http://ajitvadakayil.blogspot.in/2012/08/chikungunya-disease-created-in-lab-capt.html

There is NO cure on this planet for Jaundice—just a small ball of paste of KIZHAR NELLI along with desi milk dies the magic.

http://ajitvadakayil.blogspot.in/2011/01/kizhar-nelli-quantum-medicine-capt-ajit.html

IN KERALA THERE WERE ONLY TWO SECTS- THIRAYYARS , THE RULING CLASS , WARRIORS, NAVIGATORS  AND INTELLECTUALS AND THE MALAYYARS , THE WORKING CLASS.

NAMBOODIRIS OF KERALA WERE THE INTELLECTUAL CLASS AMONG THIYYAS AS THEY KNEW SANSKRIT AND EXCELLED IN VEDANTA , ASTRONOMY AND SCIENCE .   

AMONG THE CREAMY LAYER OF THE NAMBOODIRIPPADS WERE BHATTATHIRIPPADS ,  WHO WERE HIGH LEVEL MATHEMATICIANS .    

ARYAN BHATTATHIRIPPAD ( ARYA BHATTA )  IS ONE  . . 

Aryan did not mean a white skinned blue eyed blond man.   The word ARYAN meant --a great intellectual .

Aryabhatta born in Kerala ( my home state ) in 2700 BC, was one of the early members of this school.  Aryabhatta was the first to calculate Pi of 3.1416 and the solar year of 365.358 days . He propounded a heliocentric universe 4200 years before Copernicus, with elliptically orbiting planets and a spherical earth spinning on its axis explaining the motion of the heavens. He was the father of plane / spherical Trigonometry and Algebra, when Europe was in the dark ages.. Today you don't see this pioneers name in the list of top 100 mathematicians. Aryabhatta was the first to compute the circumference of the earth, with an error of just 64 miles.. Aryabhatta gave a method to find the cube root of numbers and dealt with arithmetic,geometric and indeterminate equations in algebra. He dealt with square, cube, triangle, trapezium, circle and sphere in geometry. He was called Arjehir by the Arabs. Poor Galileo did a Aryabhatta 4 millenuims years later , that the earth is round and circles the sun , and the church blinded him , so that he can never look into another telescope .

http://ajitvadakayil.blogspot.in/2011/01/isaac-newton-calculus-thief-capt-ajit.html

EVERY SINGLE PROFESSOR OF ANCIENT UNIVERSITIES TAXILA, NALANDA , SARASWARI DHAR BHOJ AND KODUNGALLUR WERE NAMBOODIRIS.

CHANAKYA WAS A NAMBOODIRI PROFESSOR.     THEY TIED THEIR KUDUMI ON THE SIDE FOR EASY RECOGNITION AND WERE RESPECTED BY ALL .

http://ajitvadakayil.blogspot.in/2014/08/chanakya-taxila-university-professor.html

In Vedic mythology the Danavas are a race descending from Daksha.   

Daksha is Shiva’s wife Sati’s father.

I AM A DANAVA.

Maya Danava went to Peru on his own Vimana which was a spacecraft. He had designed several of these spacecrafts for Kubera.   Lord Kubera, the brother of King Ravana had several Vimanas, and he had gifted him one in return for services rendered.  Maya was an architect and a metallurgist par excellence-- he was a magician literally with palaces. He was the architect of Tripura ( Atlantis ) and the Lanka palace of Kubera which was usurped by his half brother Ravana along with the Pushpaka Vimana. After the Ramayana war in 4300 BC, this vimana ( flying saucer with mercury plasma gyroscope vortex ) was returned back to its rightful owner Kubera by Lord Rama. Maya was arm twisted by Arjuna in a foul manner, to build the amazing Indraprasta Mahasabha for Yuddhisthira. In the ancient days having the best palace among all kings had its own glory and held the awe factor for respect. Mayasabha was a palace of illusions. Maya means illusion in Sanskrit. Guest king Duryodhana was circumspect while walking thorough, unable to figure out which is solid and which is liquid, causing Draupadi to laugh loudly in sarcasm from the balcony. Then King Duryodhana to preserve his honour, walked with less caution and fell headlong into a pool of water, and Draupadi laughed again in sarcasm--this time louder.  Duryodhana came out of the pool dripping wet and shouted at her " This laugher will cost you dear!". This was the root cause for the Mahabharata war in 4000 BC.

King Ravana’s race from the maternal side was that of Danava and from his paternal side was of PRAJAPATI (Lord Brahma's descendents). 

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prajapati

http://www.bbc.com/news/world-37352326

SEE LINK ABOVE-- THE DRUGGIE US GYMNAST SIMONE BILES WHO TOOK THE GOLD MEDAL IN RIO OLYMPICS BEATING DIPA KARMAKAR TO 4^TH PLACE,   HAD TOO MUCH OF BRUTE POWER.   RUSSIAN HACKERS HAVE REVEALED HER DRUG DOPING PROGRAMME.. .  

SO SO--
NOW WE GO BACK TO SODIUM  AND MARATHON RUNNER WHO WENT INTO A HALF COMA --  OP JAISHA.

SODIUM -

Above video:  ATP was discovered by an Indian named Yellapragada —but it was stolen by his team boss at Harward , a crypto Jew named Cyrus Hartwell Fiske

http://ajitvadakayil.blogspot.in/2014/08/yellapragada-subbarow-nobel-prize-and.html

The 4 electrolytes – sodium, potassium, calcium and magnesium – form a kind of dance over 24 hrs called the day-night shift.  Magnesium and potassium live normally within the cell, and sodium and calcium are found outside. 

During the day sodium invades the cell, taking a hydrogen ion with it, which is acidifying. In order to buffer this acidity, which is toxic to the cell, calcium also moves in. This has the effect of displacing potassium and magnesium which is shoved out of the cell.

At night due to the effect of the moon, the opposite takes place and potassium and magnesium move back into the cell, pushing out the calcium and sodium, which takes the hydrogen ion with it.

This has the effect of cleansing the cell, so you should wake up bright and refreshed. When the body is not cleansing properly, this process is impaired and instead you wake up tired and lethargic .

Stress dehydrates the body.

As the body starts to feel dehydrated the integrity of the cell is threatened. In order to preserve the cell the body puts cholesterol, a hard fatty substance, into the fluid cell membrane to stabilise it and stop the cell collapsing and therefore dying. 

This has the effect however of making it more difficult for things to move through the membrane, so the acidity, excess sodium, water, hydrogen and calcium do not fully exit the cell.

The deeper this picture, the more rigid the cell membrane becomes and the less the cellular cleanse takes place and the more tired and generally unwell you feel. A clear marker of this are elevated cholesterol levels in the blood. The rightful position of magnesium, along with its partner potassium, is inside the cell not outside.

When the sodium goes inside the cell during the day it grabs an extra hydrogen ion. This creates acidity within the cells.  When the magnesium goes back inside the cells at night, shoving  out the sodium, it has an alkalizing effect. 

This is a very important role that magnesium carries out inside the cell, completing the night time cleanse, so that in the morning the person feels refreshed and the acidity levels have been reduced greatly inside the cell.

Part of the cleansing process is to ensure that as the cell is rehydrated, the cholesterol coating lessened, and the cell can start to ‘clean house’ the toxins can be taken directly out of the body. The cell puts toxins into the lymph, which transfers it to blood, which takes it to liver, which processes it into bile, into the bowels and out.

If any part of this picture is not functioning properly you effectively have blocked plumbing, with subsequent results of toxins backing up into the system.

What is lymph? Ayurveda knew it 6000 years ago, while modern science knew about it just 60 years back.

Sodium and calcium are responsible for the contraction of the muscles whilst potassium and magnesium are responsible for the relaxation or extension process.  So if people are tense, this shows up in the muscles, and most particularly within the internal muscles such as those in the digestive tract, the bowels, the urinary tract and in all of the lung activity.

This contraction and tightness is caused by magnesium not returning inside the cell during the night, thus leaving the cells uncleansed and acidic and the muscles contracted. .

Calcium is the natural calmer. It is crucial that magnesium is in pushes out the calcium , to create that calm, cleansed feeling .

Flatulent gas is build up by indigestion and eating unsuitable food.  Rice is easily digestible the only starch that does not cause gas. 

The ancient Indian Maharishis did NOT drink cow’s milk at a skewed Calcium Magnesium ration of 1:10.   Rather they made curd ( yoghurt ) or boiled the milk in Cinnamon and other spices rich in Magnesium. 

We are all giant batteries that run on electricity. The source of that electricity are minerals, especially the four key electrolytes: calcium, sodium, potassium, and magnesium.

Sodium is the fluidity element. It keeps our joints and ligaments supple and prevents arthritis. Sodium keeps calcium and magnesium in solution in your system.  It provides nerve balance as part of an immensely sensitive and complicated Sodium/Potassium/Magnesium/Calcium homeostatic feedback mechanism.

Sodium and potassium are essential dietary minerals and electrolytes. They dissociate into ions (charged particles) in solution, making them capable of conducting electricity. Normal body functioning depends on the right regulation of sodium and potassium both inside and outside of cells. 

Sodium is the principal ion in the fluid outside of cells, while potassium is the principal ion in the fluid inside of cells. Sodium concentrations are more than ten times lower inside than outside cells, and potassium concentrations are about 30 times higher inside than outside cells.

The concentration differences between potassium and sodium across cell membranes create an electrochemical gradient known as the membrane potential. A large portion of energy in the body is dedicated to maintaining sodium/potassium concentration gradients, underscoring the importance of the balance between sodium and potassium in sustaining life.

Tight control of cell membrane potential is critical for heart function, as well as nerve impulse transmission and muscle contraction.  Sodium concentration in plasma modulates the volume of water retained in the blood, and therefore the "pressure" on the membrane walls, known as blood pressure.

Sodium is essential to maintain the water distribution in the body (or water balance) and to maintain a stable level of blood pressure.  Sodium allows muscle contraction.  It is essential to ensure the transmission of the nervous influx to the cell membranes and muscle contraction, called the muscle function. The sodium concentration outside the cells is tightly regulated by renal function.

Because the sodium outside the cells tends to migrate inside the cells, a sodium –potassium pump  exists at the cell membranes to hold permanently the sodium concentration outside the cell. Sodium is only half of the story. Every mineral in the body is supposed to be balanced by at least one other.

Sodium must be balanced with potassium. When sodium and potassium are properly balanced in the body, sodium will not raise blood pressure.

Potassium  is absolutely essential for the tonicity of the heart muscle tissue.  Potassium is sodium’s partner .  The Sodium -Potassium pump maintains electrolyte gradient in the 100 trillion cells. Potassium is the mineral that gets things moving. 

Potassium is known as an anion when it is broken down because it has more electrons than protons and carries a negative charge. Sodium is known as a cation because it has more protons than electrons and carries a positive charge.

When there is ample potassium inside of your cells and sodium outside of your cells, proper cell signaling from your nervous system can take place.   Magnesium plays a large role in the utilization of potassium; it modulates a primary potassium transport system in and out of individual cells, and is crucial in preventing intracellular potassium loss.

Magnesium provides for optimum utilization of potassium and protects stores of potassium from depletion. Magnesium is necessary for the function of the sodium/ potassium pump.  If a magnesium deficiency occurs, then pumping sodium out of the cell and pumping potassium into the cell is impaired.

Prescription diuretics tend to deplete magnesium and potassium. In this situation, magnesium intake can normalize both magnesium and potassium levels in the muscle . Potassium is unable to cross the cell membrane on its own, and requires magnesium to unlock the door for its entrance.

Once the cell membrane is open, the cell can absorb all of the potassium it needs for a proper balance. This process of achieving sodium and potassium balance accounts for 20 to 40 percent of the resting energy your body expends, demonstrating how crucial it is to healthy body function.

Warning symptoms of potassium deficiency include abnormally dry skin, acne, chills, cognitive impairment, constipation, depression, diarrhea, diminished reflexes, edema, nervousness, excessive thirst, glucose intolerance, growth impairment, hypoglycemia, high cholesterol levels, insomnia, low blood pressure, muscular fatigue, headaches, salt retention and hypersensitivity to salt, and respiratory distress.  Hormone fluctuation may also result in reduced levels of potassium. 

When you cut your sodium intake, your body will quickly compensate by holding more sodium in and releasing potassium out thereby decreasing fluid inside the muscle cell. When you increase your sodium intake your body will compensate by holding more potassium in (increasing intra-muscular fluid) and increasing the excretion of sodium.  Ions are transported so rapidly in our body that the nerve cells carry messages to any point in the body in as little as 1/1000th of a second. 

Magnesium deficiency will always be followed by potassium deficiency secondarily and because potassium and magnesium are the most important intracellular cations-- potassium and magnesium deficiency first of all is a deficiency of the cell. Cucumbers are rich in potassium help control fluid balance within and outside our cells. Potassium works in sodium-potassium pumps in cell walls which control intake of nutrients and excretion of cellular metabolic wastes.

This is a critical process for those suffering the imbalance that leads to cancer cell overgrowth. . Potassium is also critical in transmitting electrical energy throughout our nervous system. Sodium and potassium are both minerals essential to water balance and healthy nerve function.  High sodium levels and low potassium intake leads to high blood pressure and heart disease. Use of diuretics or laxatives lowers potassium levels.

Caffeine, tobacco and heavy sugar consumption reduce potassium absorption. Mental and physical stress can also lead to low potassium levels. Potassium is alkaline and constitutes 5% of the total mineral content of your body. It’s easily absorbed, but almost 90% of it is excreted through the kidneys. It’s also vital in the elimination of body wastes. Potassium will also be lost from cellular spaces if an excessive loss of sodium occurs, and a magnesium deficiency contributes to potassium loss.

Potassium depletion can cause problems within your body and lead to symptoms such as:

Fatigue

Dry skin

Muscle weakness

Slow reflexes

If these symptoms are ignored, potassium depletion can lead to heart problems.

Calcium  is essential for the flow of electrical energy throughout the body.  It is a muscle constrictor.  Ionic ( the form in natural salt) calcium is one of the most important transfer agents for bringing nutrients into the cell.  Calcium is pro-inflammatory.  However calcium is regulated and controlled by magnesium.

Calcium represents structure, compressive strength, and stability in the body. Calcium is also a buffer element and  a damper.  It is very alkaline-forming in most compounds. .  Calcium is found mainly outside of the cells.  Calcium is constipating. 

Calcium is hydrophobic, while magnesium is hydrophilic ( loves water ). Calcium is required for nerve conduction and relaxes the muscles. Calcium and Magnesium act together to help regulate the body's nerve and muscle tone. 

In many nerve cells, magnesium serves as a chemical gate blocker - as long as there is enough magnesium around, calcium can't rush into the nerve cell and activate the nerve. This gate blocking by magnesium helps keep the nerve relaxed.

Calcium  promotes blood coagulation , while magnesium inhibits it. If you take high amounts of calcium daily, you may have a magnesium deficiency. Calcium and magnesium compete for the same absorption channels, so too much of one will preclude the other from being properly absorbed.

  

The total calcium content of cow’s milk is high, but the acidic nature of milk may not lend itself to proper calcium assimilation.  Like I said before cow’s milk has a Calcium Magnesium ratio of 10:1.  Too much cow’s milk will lower magnesium levels . The correct balance of calcium and magnesium can rectify  osteoporosis, heart disease, blood pressure, depression, and anxiety.

  

High calcium intake blocks magnesium absorption. Magnesium is needed to carry calcium into your bones. Calcium causes contraction in skeletal muscle fibers, and magnesium causes relaxation. When there is too much calcium and insufficient magnesium inside a cell, you can get sustained muscle contraction: twitches, spasms and even convulsions.

Smooth muscles directed by too much calcium and insufficient magnesium can tighten the bronchial tract, causing asthma; cause cramping in the uterus and painful periods; and cause spasms in blood vessels, resulting in hypertension. 

Calcium and magnesium work so closely together that the lack of magnesium immediately diminishes the effectiveness of calcium. Adequate levels of magnesium are essential for the absorption and metabolism of calcium.

Magnesium relaxes you, helps improve digestion, increases alkalinity of the blood and flexibility of the tissues. It is a muscle relaxant. 

Magnesium is found in greater quantity inside the cells. Magnesium is critical for the assimilation of calcium into the bones and is crucial for regular heart function.

Its deficiency lead to constipation. Magnesium is anti-inflammatory and a de-toxifier. Magnesium is the master molecule of the human body and is needed in over 300 different process the body performs. It is the catalyst of life. 

Magnesium is vital for the absorption of calcium into our bones.  Lack of Magnesium impacts our cell’s efficiency and duration of its useful life. The main reason for magnesium deficiency in the human body is stress, as stress causes Magnesium to be flushed out through the urine or bowels .

Deficiency of magnesium causes the body to accumulate toxins, degenerate quickly and premature aging leading to a host of other diseases.  Optimum daily amount of Magnesium is 700 mg per day.  Low magnesium intake is associated with muscle spasm, tremors and convulsions.  Athletes use magnesium to increase energy and endurance.

Magnesium plays an important role in carbohydrate metabolism. It also influences the release and activity of insulin, the hormone that helps control blood glucose (sugar) levels. Low blood levels of magnesium (hypomagnesemia) are frequently seen in individuals with type 2 diabetes. 

If there is not enough magnesium to do this job, both insulin and glucose become elevated. The excess glucose gets stored as fat and contributes to obesity. 

Magnesium is essential for proper electrical and neurotransmitter function in the brain.  It help prevents cognitive decline and improve brain plasticity to better deal with stress and anxiety.  Magnesium plays an important role in regulating blood pressure. A diet with high magnesium, potassium, and calcium, and low sodium and fat is ideal for lowering blood pressure.  Diuretics can cause Magnesium deficiency.

Coconut water is an excellent health drink.   It has Calcium 2%, Magnesium 9%, Potassium5%.   Magnesium compounds keep calcium in solution.  If you are deficient in magnesium, you can get kidney or gall stones that contain insoluble forms of calcium. 

Calcium represents a congealing or cementing quality, while magnesium represents dissolution or flexibility.  Magnesium is a laxative. 

  

Magnesium is involved in nerve and muscle function.  Magnesium deficiency can trigger muscle tension, muscle soreness, muscle spasms, muscle cramps, and muscle fatigue.   Magnesium activates the enzymes necessary for a number of physiological functions, including neuromuscular contractions, heart and cardiovascular function, and the regulation of the acid-alkaline balance in the body.

It is necessary for the metabolism of carbohydrates, amino acids and fats; also for energy production, and the utilization of calcium, phosphorus, sodium, and potassium.  Magnesium helps utilize B-complex vitamins, vitamin C, and vitamin E. 

Magnesium absorption when ingested is carrier-mediated and is influenced by transit time through the gut, dietary intake of magnesium, and the amounts of phosphorous and calcium in the diet  These minerals compete for absorption sites in the intestinal mucosa.  Excess magnesium that is not deposited in bone or retained in tissue is excreted through the urine.

Alcoholism, renal disease, diabetes mellitus may all cause a magnesium deficiency to occur. Magnesium helps blood pressure become and stay regulated, reduces the formation of plaque in arteries, and reduces spasms. Magnesium prevents excessive amounts of calcium from damaging heart cells.

It also dilates your arteries, allowing better blood flow. Depression and anxiety can begin with an imbalance of calcium and magnesium. Too much calcium can contribute to depression and irritability, whereas magnesium helps your brain make the calming chemical called dopamine.

Magnesium, not calcium, is the mineral that calms your emotions as well as your muscles.  Serotonin is a natural antidepressant, but your brain needs magnesium in order to make serotonin.  Low serotonin production can cause a number of symptoms including depression, obsessive thinking, and anxiety. When you're under stress your body loses more magnesium than usual.

 Stress causes your adrenal glands to produce more adrenaline and other hormones, like cortisol, causing more magnesium excretion. When your magnesium is low, your adrenal glands produce still more cortisol, which in turn decreases your levels of DHEA, -- an anti-aging hormone .

Stress causes fatty acids to be released in your body and attach themselves to magnesium, which makes it more difficult for magnesium to be absorbed.  Magnesium regulates the enzyme that makes cholesterol. The body makes cholesterol for a reason. All steroid hormones that run our bodies (stress hormones, sex hormones, and so forth) are ultimately made from cholesterol. 

Magnesium is essential for proper insulin levels. You cannot produce insulin, you cannot secrete insulin, and your cells cannot recognize insulin without proper levels of Magnesium.  An imbalance of too much Calcium and too little magnesium causes depression. In USA  the top 20 highest-selling drugs are antidepressants ,which could be well solved with a proper diet and exercise , instead of continuing with junk food. 

72% of Migraines are related Calcium magnesium imbalance. Magnesium is required for the body to produce and store energy. Without magnesium there is no energy, no movement, no life. It is that simple.  Magnesium permits a small amount of calcium to enter a nerve cell, just enough to allow electrical transmission along the nerves to and from the brain, then forces it back outside. Even our thoughts, via brain neurons, are dependent on magnesium.

Magnesium is indicative in playing a role in the prevention and/or treatment of the following health conditions:

Alcoholism

Anxieity & Depression

Angina pectoris

Arrhythmia

Asthma

Autism

Chronic fatigue

Congenital heart disease

Congestive heart failure

Coronary artery disease

Diabetes

Eclampsia

Epilepsy

Glaucoma

Heart attack

HIV/AIDS

Hypertension

Hypertriglyceridemia

Inflammatory bowel disease

Migraine

Multiple sclerosis

Osteoporosis

Peptic ulcers

PMS

Pre-eclampsia

Raynaud's syndrome

Systemic lupus erythematosus

 Symptoms due to a lack of magnesium have three categories.

Early symptoms:

Anorexia

Apathy

Confusion

Fatigue

Insomnia

Irritability

Muscle twitching

Poor memory

Reduced ability to learn

Moderate deficiency symptoms:

Heart (cardiovascular) changes

Rapid heartbeat

Severe deficiency:

Continued muscle contraction

Delirium

Numbness

Seeing or hearing things that aren't there (hallucinations)

Tingling

The heart is NOT an "organ," but is actually a "muscle."  In fact, it's the hardest working muscle in our body.  Every 24 hours our hearts beat more than a lakh times and circulates 9000 litres of blood. The highest concentration of magnesium in our body is in the heart ventricles, which are the muscles that "pump" all that blood. 

Muscle energy in our body is solely in the form of Mg2-ATP (Magnesium-adenosine triphosphate).  Our heart cells (and every cell in our body) must have magnesium present in plentiful amounts to create and metabolize the ATP necessary to run all of the cell's activities.

When electrolyte imbalance becomes great enough, the cell no longer has the ability to produce ATP.  ATP is primarily dependent on magnesium.  So, cell death - cardiac necrosis is the result of a systemic shortage of magnesium. 

Heart muscle cell death is followed by inflammation in order to clean up the debris from dying cells followed by fibrosis/calcification as the whole area contracts and scars down in order to isolate, repair and minimize the damage.

Chronic stress causes magnesium loss, which then leads to cell death. The cellular influx of excess, unregulated calcium accelerates this process.  If magnesium isn't available, the mineral ion channels in cells are left wide open and calcium floods in.

Any cell unable to create proper levels of energy becomes diseased and dies, and this is especially true of heart muscles cells. "Stress," in all its many forms leads to magnesium use, and if not curtailed, magnesium loss. An accelerated MBR (Magnesium Burn Rate) leads to electrolyte dysfunction, which results in imbalances of our key minerals. The chronic loss of magnesium leads to a relentless increase of sodium and calcium which ultimately becomes the greatest form of cellular "Stress."

Unregulated calcium is bad for you. And how do we create a condition of calcium excess? Human biochemistry strongly favors holding onto as much calcium as possible. However, magnesium is flushed out through the urine or bowels when the body is under stress .

People with high calcium and low levels of magnesium can suffer sudden death heart attacks due to electrical imbalance without having significant coronary artery calcification. 

Excess calcium reduces magnesium.  Calcium and magnesium work together in muscle contraction and relaxation.  If magnesium isn't available, the mineral ion channels in cells are left wide open and calcium floods in leading to it's calcification. Loss of magnesium leads to a relentless increase of sodium and calcium which ultimately becomes the greatest form of cellular "Stress”. 

Dominance of calcium over magnesium produces symptoms of muscle spasm. Migraines, eyelid twitch, heart flutters, back aches, premenstrual tension, leg cramps and constipation are all linked to calcium overload.  Excessive calcium may also result in kidney stones and heart valve calcifications. Therefore, the ratio of calcium to magnesium has to be 1:1, as compared with a 15:1 ratio in present-day diets.

On an ongoing basis the cells in our body become old, die and are replaced with new cells. In a diet lacking essential minerals and vitamins, molecules in the body lose electrons and become free radicals. 

These free radicals attack healthy cells to take back electrons damaging even more cells. As the cell’s efficiency degenerates in long term, the genetic material in the cell gets damaged or changes, its processes go wrong and produce mutations.

Magnesium deficiency can lead directly to cancer. While calcium is not used in many enzymes in the body, magnesium is a component of thousands of enzyme. Magnesium is essential for thousands of enzymes in the body and may be said to represent enzyme strength, while calcium represents structural strength or bone strength. . 

In electrical terms, calcium represents a compressive pressure or voltage.  Magnesium is tensive and more about amperage or intensity.  Ohm’s law and Joule’s law apply here.  For example, Joule’s law states that voltage multiplied by amps = power or watts. 

Both Calcium and Magnesium are divalent cations, both form hard compounds, and both have a mainly calming effect on the body, although magnesium is needed for energy production, as well. The calcium magnesium ratio, reveals the physical, mental, emotional and other aspects of a person all at once.

With a high ratio, calcium, the cement-like mineral, is more dominant.  This is associated with a kind of defensiveness.  When the ratio is low, the opposite can be true, and a person often demonstrates less defensiveness.

Calcium and magnesium are more structural elements, particularly calcium.  In contrast, sodium and potassium are the body’s internal regulators.  They are more responsible for the biochemical balance,  than are calcium and magnesium.

Both calcium and magnesium are deficient in most diets today, and this is due to food refining in many cases.  The refining of grains removes some of their magnesium, and pasteurizing dairy products reduces the bioavailability of calcium in these products.

Stress causes the body to produce adrenaline which in turn raises blood sugar as part of the "fight or flight" response. The sugar is meant to provide energy for the muscles, but in our modern world stress rarely results in muscular exertion so the sugar remains in the blood. The pancreas then produces more insulin to normalize blood sugar. The end result of chronic stress is exhausted adrenal glands and an exhausted pancreas.

A healthy cell has a beautiful, fluid phospholipids membrane around it which allow nutrients, electrolytes and waste matter to move freely in and out of the cell.  The core of this healing in terms of sodium/potassium and calcium/magnesium balances is all about energy. Our polarity gives us life - it is an electrical charge, an electrical current.

You can take this polarity right down to its expression at cellular level.  Minerals have different charges and the polarity is a function of the interaction between the four electrolytes: sodium and potassium (male and female) and between calcium (male charge, like sodium) and magnesium (female charge, like potassium). Magnesium regulates water in cells.

Like I said -- Sodium , potassium , magnesium and calcium are the four major electrolyte that maintain the body fluid balance.

Electrolytes are sodium (Na+), potassium (K+), calcium (Ca 2+), magnesium, (Mg 2+), chloride (Cl-), phosphate (PO4 2-), bicarbonate (HCO3-), and sulfate (SO4 2-). As a side note, the + and – symbols mean these minerals are ionic. Their ionic nature gives the electrolytes the ability to carry electrical energy to keep the body’s systems functioning.

For a runner, keeping your electrolytes balanced is key for successful and optimum performance. If your electrolytes are imbalanced, you could compromise the success of your  run because of muscle fatigue or cramping.

While running you lose electrolytes through your sweat, mainly sodium and potassium. Potassium permits the movement of fluids and nutrients across your cells’ membranes, thus allowing them to carry on their metabolic activities such as contacting muscles.

Just because sodium is an electrolyte, don’t assume your daily sodium consumption will replenish your electrolyte loss from your run.

The body monitors electrolyte losses during the run through hormones. After a run, if sodium is consumed in high amounts without other electrolytes to balance, it neutralizes the hormonal system and disrupts the bodies regulation processes.

Some runners are “salty sweaters” and some people sweat very little.  Salty sweaters need to consume more than just pure water in a 42 km run in hot weather.

The electrolytes sodium and potassium play a critical role in regulating your body’s water balance during a marathon run - the levels of these electrolytes allow your muscle cells (and every other cell in your body, for that matter) to retain the right amount of water.  But when you run a marathon you lose electrolytes via sweating.  The sodium content of sweat is why it tastes so salty.

Electrolyte losses impair marathon performance.

In a worst-case scenario— drinking lots of water during a very long race in the heat, could lead to a dangerous condition called hyponatremia, where blood sodium levels drop too low. You have replaced only water , which the organizers gave free at every 8 km , not sodium.  Runner get sodium only via their personalised drinks prepared by the marathon coach—NOT too much , but the correct quantity.

IN THE RIO OLYMPICS COACHES OF VARIOUS COUNTRIES WERE CYCLING ALONG IN ANOTHER LANE -  -SHOUTING ENCOURAGEMENTS TO THE RUNNER AND ASKING QUESTIONS FOR ELECTROLYTE NEED FEEDBACK.    

AND THEN HE SPEEDS AWAY MAKING THE RIGHT PERSONALIZED DRINK AT THE NEXT STATION 2 KMS AWAY.

OUR RUNNER OP JAISHA WAS ON HER OWN FROM START TO FINISH , WITH NO ELECTROLYTE SUPPLEMENTS OR EVEN WATER. 

HER FOREIGN COACH KNEW SHIT   

IF A RUNNER STEALS / SNATCHES THE ELECTROLYTE DRINK OR GEL PACK MEANT FOR ANOTHER RUNNER HE IS IMMEDIATELY QUALIFIED.    

HE COULD EVEN DIE AS THIS MAY NOT BE THE CORRECT ELECTROLYTE INPUT DRINK .

Drinking too much water can dilute body sodium to the danger point. Drink too much and risk hyponatremia, drink too little and risk dehydration.

Hyponatremia is a medical term describing low (hypo) blood sodium levels .

Marathon runners lose sodium in sweat during marathon running .  Just drinking lots of pure water like an idiot ( HAVE WATER WILL DRINK ) does NOT help.

Maintaining blood sodium levels within a healthy range (135-145mmols per litre) is critical to homeostasis and optimal bodily function.

When blood sodium levels drop below this ideal range initial symptoms can include:--

Nausea

Lethargy

Muscle cramps

Weakness/fatigue

Headaches

Restlessness

In severe cases of  EAH ( EXERCISE ASSOCIATED HYPONATREMIA) , the symptoms can potentially escalate into seizures and coma.    If things go uncorrected for long enough, the end result can even be death.

Hyponatremia is a condition that occurs when the level of sodium in the blood drops below 135 mEq/L (138-142 is normal).  

Symptoms of hyponatremia usually begin at blood sodium levels below 130, with levels less than 120 resulting is serious medical emergency.  

Exercise-related hyponatremia mostly happens by over-drinking PURE water ( no Sodium input ) , at the last stages during marathon running.

OP Jaisha was pumped in with 3 bottles of Sodium by Rio doctors who wheeled her off as soon as she fainted after crossing her finish line .  

Rio doctors who knew their job saved OP Jaisha's life.   Her coach must be hanged for this.  

Not one single doctor ( maybe all donation / quota party ) who came on benami TV with expert comments , knew shit  . . 

I monitored all TV channels for two weeks and was totally dismayed .  

Is this what India is worth ? 

In order to try to preserve sodium concentrations in the blood, the body shifts excess fluid it can’t otherwise excrete from the blood plasma into it’s own cells causing them to swell up. This swelling is devastating when it occurs in brain cells and is what leads to the condition becoming fatal.

The primary cause of EAH is over consumption of pure water ( or drinks with NIL sodium) – that is consumption in excess of what can be sweated or urinated out.

Avoiding EAH is pretty straightforward, you just have to avoid drinking more that you sweat and pee out, so that severe dilution of blood does not occur.

The volume of sweat and sodium losses that accumulate can be quite dramatic. Simply drinking water ‘to thirst’ on these occasions is not always adequate to maintain blood plasma volume to a degree that’s compatible with peak performance and recovery.

Sweat contains a relatively large (and variable) amount of sodium in it, so when sweat output is high, the net loss of sodium can be substantial too. 

Sodium is a finite resource in the body and, as a result, supplementation can help to maintain both blood volume and blood sodium levels much better than drinking water alone, especially at times when sweat losses are high.

Sodium supplementation helps reduce the rate of dilution that goes on in the blood stream when compared to just taking in water alone.

The best way to avoid hyponatremia is to avoid excessive drinking of pure water .  NOT drinking water at all causes severe dehydration during a marathon run in hot weather..

Personalising your sodium and fluid intake not only reduces the risk of hyponatremia, but maximise your performance when sweat losses are high.

Personalisation is best achieved through a combination of data collection (even getting your sweat testing) and organized trial and error in training and competition. This is the job of a coach. 

A marathon coach cant be a DUFFER like OP Jaisha’s foreign coach.

Hyponatremia at the finish line of an marathon event is fraught with extreme danger. 

It is a LIFE AND DEATH EVENT .   

OP Jaisha knew what happened to her.   But she is a tribal girl for Kerala and not verey erudite.

And  for  the Indian Olympic Association officials to come on TV and say that she is shamming is THE PITS !

IF THE EXPERT MARATHON DOCTORS OF RIO , PUMPED IN 3 BOTTLES OF SODIUM INTO A MARATHON RUNNER IN SEMI COMA , WHAT DOES IT MEAN?

HER HEART BEAT WAS WEAK AND BREATH HAD STOPPED DUE TO SEVERE DEHYDRATION AND LOSS OF ELECTROLYTES .     

SHE NOW HAS A LUNG INFLAMMATION .. BLAMED ON SWINE FLU ( SIC )

SEVEN BOTTLES OF SUCH GLUCOSE WAS ADMINISTERED TO HER.   WHAT DOES IT MEAN.

CAN SO MANY BOTTLES BE INJECTED INTO A NORMAL ATHLETE BY ANY SPECIALIST SPORTS DOCTOR TEAM  ?

EXCESS OF SODIUM CAN CAUSE COMA AND DEATH.

WHAT IS OUR SPORTS MINISTER WORTH ?

Evaporation of sweat in a hot environment can purge as much as 3 liters per hour. 

Wrestlers who practice in hot gyms will tell you how much water they lose --because they have regular weigh ins.

Athletes tend to superhydrate in the days leading up to a race without an appropriate increase in electrolytes.   In some cases, superhydrating can produce hyponatremia prior to the race ever starting.

Drinking only water during a race ( as OP Jaisha was forced to –she got water only at 8 km km intervals in this 42 km race ) can also causes hyponatremic conditions because the body requires electrolytes to effectively maintain hydration status.

The International Marathon Medical Direct Association guidelines say to drink when you feel thirsty. 

THIS IS NONSENSE AS THE BODY THIRST MECHANISM GOES OUT OF WHACK WHEN ELECTROLYTES ARE NOT IN THE CORRECT STRENGTH AND RATIO. 

Don’t be tempted to over-drink because this can also lead to medical problems such as liver and kidney failure and hyponatremia.  – severe hyponatremia always leads to coma..

In semi-coma as what happened to OP Jaisha she told on TV that she could hear what was happening around her when she was places on a ice block to lower her body core temperature

I WANT MY READERS TO KNOW—  IF ANY DEAR FAMILY MEMBERS IS IN COMA IN THE ICU,  YOU MUST WHISPER SWEET THINGS INTO THE EAR,  THE PERSON IN COMA CAN HEAR IT  .    

TEARS MAY FALL, BUT HE CANT MOVE  . .

MAIN STREAM MODERN DOCTORS ARE NOT SMART ENOUGH TO SECOND THIS.

http://www.independent.co.uk/voices/commentators/geoffrey-lean-i-was-in-a-coma-but-i-could-hear-every-word-415327.html

WHY DOES BENAMI MEDIA DO PERCEPTION MANAGEMENT WITH ROGUE/ IGNORANT DOCTORS ?

There has been a compilation of marathon runner hyponatremia cases world wide  and it was determined that 17% of marathon runners developed hyponatremia during the course of a race as a result of drinking too much water, ignoring sodium requirements.

Statistically female athletes had more cases  of water intoxication and hyponatremia than male athletes.

In spite of the abundance of negative press that salt has received, sodium and chloride (NaCl) are both essential minerals.   

Hypotonic hyponatremia always reflects the inability of the kidneys to handle the excretion of free water to match intake

OP Jaisha had ACUTE  hyponatremia , for which the required WHO treatment is : 100 mL of 3% NaCl infused intravenously over 10 minutes X  3 , as needed.

WHY DID DOCTORS POOH POOH HER ON TV ? 

WERE THEY PAID BY THE OLYMPIC ASSOCIATION OF INDIA?

If the water volume of the body falls below a certain threshold or the osmolite concentration becomes too high, the brain signals thirst.

Extracellular thirst is thirst generated by decreased volume and intracellular thirst is thirst generated by increased osmolite concentration. Nevertheless, the craving itself is something generated from central processing in the brain, no matter how it is detected.

The goal is to keep the interstitial fluid, the fluid outside the cell, at the same concentration as the intracellular fluid, fluid inside the cell. 

This condition is called isotonic and occurs when the same level of solutes are present on either side of the cell membrane so that the net water movement is zero. If the interstitial fluid has a higher concentration of solutes than the intracellular fluid it will pull water out of the cell. 

This condition is called hypertonic and if enough water leaves the cell it will not be able to perform essential chemical functions. If the interstitial fluid becomes less concentrated the cell will fill with water as it tries to equalize the concentrations. 

This condition is called hypotonic and can be dangerous because it can cause the cell to swell and rupture. One set of receptors responsible for thirst detects the concentration of interstitial fluid. The other set of receptors detects blood volume

Hyponatremia may be euvolemic, hypovolemic or hypervolemic. Proper interpretation of the various laboratory tests helps to differentiate the various types of hyponatremia.

Hyponatremia results from the inability of the kidney to excrete a water load or excess water intake. Water intake depends upon thirst mechanism. Thirst is stimulated by increase in osmolality. Thirst is sensed by osmoreceptors located in the hypothalamus and leads to the release of anti-diuretic hormone (vasopressin) from the posterior pituitary. 

Antidiuretic hormone acts on the V2 receptors located at the basolateral aspect of the collecting duct cells and leads to increased aquaporin expression on the luminal aspect of the collecting duct cells which increases water absorption and abolishes thirst.

Acute hyponatremia is associated with marathon runners

It  can happen any time during extended periods of physical activity when an athlete consumes too much fluid and not enough electrolytes.

Marathoners must eat some food during the race which can give them some sodium.

I remember going to my wife’s hometown Kannur for distributing my son’s wedding cards. I drank so much of sweet fluids ( ZERO sodium ) in dozens of houses ..

Doing three hour nighttime driving negotiating heavy traffic , I banged into a motorcyclist at a red light from behind. I noticed that my fingers and toes were cramping up in the cold AC  ..  

Immediately I stopped the car at the nearest bakery shop and asked my wife to get me SODIUM – she ran and came back with a can..  I ate a whole can of salted cashew nuts and did the next two hours of driving AARAM SE without cramps..

The most common imbalances are hypernatremia and hyponatremia (too much or too little sodium), and hyperkalemia and hypokalemia, (excessive and insufficient levels of potassium).

When large amounts of fluids which do not contain sodium are given intravenously, the patient may develop hyponatremia.   Diuretics cause the kidneys to expel excess sodium and water quicker - sometimes the excretion of sodium can be faster than the excretion of water.

A muscle contraction needs calcium (Ca2+), sodium (Na+) and potassium (K+) to be present. Wrong electrolyte levels can lead to either weak muscles, or muscles that contract too severely.

Electrolyte levels are kept constant by our kidneys and several hormones. When we exercise we sweat and lose electrolytes, mainly sodium and potassium.

When sodium levels are low, our bodies can produce too much of an antidiuretic hormone which tells our kidneys to retain water

Both muscle tissue and neurons are considered electric tissues of the body. Muscles and neurons are activated by electrolyte activity between the extracellular fluid and intracellular fluid.    Muscle contraction is dependent upon the presence of calcium (Ca2+), sodium (Na+), and potassium (K+). 

Without sufficient levels of these key electrolytes, muscle weakness or severe muscle contractions may occur.

Because sweat is derived from the extracellular fluid (fluid outside the cell), the major electrolytes found in it are sodium and chloride. The concentration of salt in sweat is variable but averages about 2.6 grams per liter of sweat loss. About 99% of sweat is water, with a number of major electrolytes found in varying amounts.

Sodium is one of the principle positive ions in the body’s fluid and is found primarily outside the cell (extracellular). 

Chloride, another extracellular electrolyte, is a negative ion and works closely with sodium in the regulation of body-water balance and electrical impulses across the cell membrane.

Consuming adequate amounts of sodium and chloride, more commonly known as table salt, is crucial to maintaining the volume and balance of fluids outside the body’s cells and in the blood.

Sodium is especially important because it plays a key role in transporting nutrients into cells to be used for energy production, tissue growth, and repair. Sodium also assists in muscle contraction and nerve impulse transmissions.

During exercise, the body loses fluids and sodium through sweating. This causes a decrease in blood volume, thereby increasing sodium and chloride concentrations in the blood. The increased concentration of electrolytes in the blood through decreased blood volume is what triggers the thirst mechanism.

By the time an athlete becomes thirsty; the electrolytes are already out of balance, so restoration of blood volume is critical for the prevention of dehydration.

Water consumption is effective in increasing blood volume; however, there is a consequential dilution of sodium in the blood due to the increased blood volume and excessive sodium losses in sweat, so electrolyte replenishment is key.

Drinking fluids with added electrolytes instead of just plain water is the ONLY option, during a marathon on a hot day

Potassium is the main electrolyte found inside the body’s cells (intracellular) and stored in muscle fibers along with glycogen. It plays a key role by helping transport glucose into the muscle cell.

 Potassium also interacts with both sodium and chloride to control fluid and electrolyte balance and assists in the conduction of nerve impulses.

When salt is added to food, 1 tsp provides 2,000 mg of sodium. Potassium is abundant in orange juice, bananas, potatoes, yogurt, A2 milk etc. Approximately 1 glass of orange or tomato juice can replace potassium, magnesium, and calcium lost in 2-3 liters of sweat.

Because we are limited on the amount of fluid the body can absorb by the intestines, it may be important to consume a higher amount of sodium during exercise to minimize fluid loss.

Choose a hydration beverage to drink during exercise and recovery that contains adequate levels of all 5 electrolytes.   Focusing solely on sodium can throw your electrolyte balance off.

Electrolytes are lost primarily through sweat

To avoid both dehydration and hyponatremia, coached of marathon runners  need to determine their  rate of sweat loss.

Blood samples are analysed for haemoglobin concentration, packed cell volume, plasma proteins, serum sodium, serum potassium, serum total calcium, serum total magnesium, serum osmolality, and plasma glucose.

All subjects reported to the medical tent within five minutes of completing the race and before drinking any fluid or emptying their bladder. On arrival at the medical tent, blood samples were immediately  collected from all the subjects.

These samples were analysed for haemoglobin concentration, packed cell volume, plasma proteins, serum sodium, serum potassium, serum total calcium, serum total magnesium, serum osmolality, and plasma glucose. Thereafter subjects were weighed in full race attire (running shorts, vest, and shoes) as before the race.

Practice your electrolyte replacement in training, this is the responsibility of the coach.

If the runner has to compete in a hot place, train in a hot place.   In OP Jaisha’s case the coach from Belarus wanted to stay in cold place ( Kodaikanal for his own personal comfort )

The fluid in body cells is high in potassium; 90% of the body's potassium is inside the cells. Other body fluids are high in sodium.

Fluid    Sodium Content          Potassium Content

Blood   3,100 - 3,330 mg/L     137 - 200 mg/L

Sweat   575 - 1,725 mg/L        155 - 200 mg/L

As I said , the major route for sodium loss is sweat. Because potassium is held inside the cells, it is not lost at high rates provided there is adequate sodium in the body.

Normal sweat rates can range from 0.75 to 2 Liters/ hour, depending on conditions such as temperature, humidity, pace, clothing, and the degree of heat acclimation the runner  has.

A typical electrolyte loss rates by sweat are 1,300 mg/hr for sodium, and 230 mg/hr for potassium.

Many athletes, marathon runners , will drink too little water and suffer dehydration. The athlete's body usually cannot absorb water from the stomach as fast as it is sweated out of the skin, so most of them end up with some dehydration in an event.

As sodium levels fall, the body increases the level of the hormone aldosterone that influences kidney function to slow sodium loss. As exercise continues and sodium is lost, blood pressure may fall. 

The body produces the hormone vasopressin to help maintain blood pressure. If exercise continues, with more water and electrolyte losses, performance begins to suffer and athletes slow down. S

As the level of sodium in the blood decreases, the ratio of sodium to water decreases to dangerous levels. As a defense mechanism, water will be moved from the blood into the spaces around body cells. That is why hands and feet can swell after many hours of competing

You can reduce the amount of sodium in your daily food. That will increase the level of aldosterone so that your body retains sodium better. Choose less salty foods.

Ensuring adequate dietary intake of the electrolyte minerals – sodium and potassium because they’re involved in conducting electrical signals to/from muscles, and calcium and magnesium, which are essential for the contraction and relaxation of muscle fibres.

Many athletes, marathon runners , will drink too little water and suffer dehydration. The athlete's body usually cannot absorb water from the stomach as fast as it is sweated out of the skin, so most of them end up with some dehydration in an event.

As sodium levels fall, the body increases the level of the hormone aldosterone that influences kidney function to slow sodium loss. As exercise continues and sodium is lost, blood pressure may fall. The body produces the hormone vasopressin to help maintain blood pressure. If exercise continues, with more water and electrolyte losses, performance begins to suffer and athletes slow down. S

As the level of sodium in the blood decreases, the ratio of sodium to water decreases to dangerous levels. As a defense mechanism, water will be moved from the blood into the spaces around body cells. That is why hands and feet can swell after many hours of competing

You can reduce the amount of sodium in your daily food. That will increase the level of aldosterone so that your body retains sodium better. Choose less salty foods.

Ensuring adequate dietary intake of the electrolyte minerals – sodium and potassium because they’re involved in conducting electrical signals to/from muscles, and calcium and magnesium, which are essential for the contraction and relaxation of muscle fibres.

Even just 2% of fluid lost from your total body weight can make it much harder to perform.  It’s not just water that’s lost, it’s fluid which contains sodium, electrolytes and minerals which means that plain old water is not enough for runners.

It is a good idea to determine what you need for your own healthy running performance and devise your own hydration plan.

THIS IS THE JOB OF THE COACH

One ORS packet mixed with a liter/quart, contains (1g = 1,000mg):

Sodium Chloride - 3.5g (3500mg)

Potassium Chloride - 1.5g (1500mg)

Trisodium Citrate , dihydrate - 2.9g (2900mg)

Dextrose Anhydrous - 20.0g (20,000mg)

Again, the average loss of salt in sweat is approximately 1g per litre.   If you eat too may salty potato chips, your body generates thirst and you will drink water and stop as soon as your feel the thirst is gone. This is the wonder of the human body

When ships sink sailors do NOT drink sea water. 

When the salt concentration is higher on the outside of our cells than on the inside, water moves from the inside to the outside of the cells to correct the imbalance. The attempt to equalize the concentrations of matter on both sides of a semipermeable membrane is called osmosis.

If you're consuming seawater, the results of osmosis are spectacularly disastrous. Remember the salinity of seawater is almost four times that of our bodily fluids. If gone unchecked, the net transfer of water from the inside of your cells to the outside will cause the cells to shrink considerably -- and shrinkage is never good.

Unless you drink a lot of freshwater, the body's regulatory mechanism in this situation is potentially fatal. With seawater, the change in sodium concentration outside our cells is the main culprit. 

In order to regain an isotonic state, a must for cell survival, the body attempts to eliminate the excess sodium from its extracellular fluids. It secretes urine. 

However, human kidneys can only produce urine that's slightly less salty than saltwater. So, in order to remove the extreme amount of sodium taken in by saltwater, we urinate more water than we actually drank. And dehydration sets in.

So, if you're guzzling seawater, you actually aren't taking in any water but are incurring a net loss, leading to depleted body fluids, muscle cramps, dry mouth, and yes, thirst.

The body tries to compensate for fluid loss by increasing the heart rate and constricting blood vessels to maintain blood pressure and flow to vital organs. You're also most likely to feel nausea, weakness and even delirium. 

As you become more dehydrated, the coping mechanism fails. If you still don't drink any water to reverse the effects of excess sodium, the brain and other organs receive less blood, leading to coma, organ failure and eventually death.

Of course, consuming small amounts of saltwater won't kill you. The take home message is clear, though: Salt and water are best consumed separately -- and any salt intake should be accompanied by plenty of freshwater.

Generally the well-conditioned athlete loses less sodium than a poorly conditioned athlete

Hyponatremia, is defined by plasma concentration below 135 mM sodium--  can exist either due to reduced levels of sodium in a normal blood volume or by normal sodium levels in an increased plasma volume

Hypernatremia is defined by plasma concentration above 145 mM sodium-- can be caused by either increased levels of sodium in normal blood volume or normal sodium content in reduced plasma volume.

Dehydration is the loss of plasma volume (blood) due to sweating, urine and exhalation.

The bulk of active sodium ions are stored and available in blood plasma. No immediately-available repository of sodium has yet been reported discovered in any tissue or organ within the body to date.

Sodium enables ATP (energy) generation and also allows cells to retain more water, thereby helping to prevent dehydration  

Because fluid balance is intimately tied to sodium, hyponatremia can lead to damage of certain kinds of tissues in your body. Changes are most noticeable in the nervous system, where seizures, coma, and even death can result.

Water is a basic need for cellular health. Cells contain water and are surrounded by water. In dehydration, cell membranes become less permeable, hampering the flow of hormones and nutrients into the cell and preventing waste products that cause cell damage from flowing out.

Again, extracellular fluid is lost through sweat

Extracellular fluid  differs from intracellular fluid (fluid within the cells) in that it generally has a high concentration of sodium and low concentration of potassium, while intracellular fluid is high in potassium and low in sodium.

In humans, the normal glucose concentration of extracellular fluid that is regulated by homeostasis is approximately 5 mM, and the pH is tightly regulated by buffers around 7.4. The volume of ECF is typically 15 L, of which 12 L is interstitial fluid and 3 L is plasma. 

Interstitial fluid makes up 16% of human body weight, and blood plasma, 4%. Extracellular fluid, in conjunction with intracellular fluid, helps control the movement of water and electrolytes throughout the body.

Homeostasis refers to the maintenance of the internal environment of the body within narrow and rigidly controlled limits. The major functions important in the maintenance of homeostasis are fluid and electrolyte balance, acid-base regulation, thermoregulation, and metabolic control.

The human body is basically a collection of cells grouped together into organ systems and bathed in fluids, most notably the blood. The intracellular fluid is the fluid contained within cells. The extracellular fluid—the fluid outside the cells—is divided into that found within the blood and that found outside the blood; the latter fluid is known as the interstitial fluid. 

These fluids are not simply water but contain varying amounts of solutes (electrolytes and other bioactive molecules). An electrolyte (sodium chloride, for example) is defined as any molecule that in solution separates into its ionic components and is capable of conducting an electric current. Cations are electrolytes that migrate toward the negative pole of an electric field; anions migrate toward the positive pole. 

The major cation of extracellular fluid is sodium. The major anion of the extracellular fluid is chloride, while bicarbonate is the second most important. In contrast, the major cation of the intracellular fluid is potassium, and the major anions are proteins and organic phosphates. 

The marked differences in sodium and potassium concentrations between the intracellular and extracellular fluid of cells are not fortuitous but are due to active transport by energy-dependent ion pumps located in cell membranes.

The pumps continuously move sodium ions out of the cell and potassium ions into the cell. The intracellular and extracellular compartments are thus closely integrated and interdependent: changes in one have immediate effects on the other.

It is the primary task of the kidneys to regulate the various ionic concentrations of the body. Any abnormality in these concentrations can produce serious disease; for instance, the normal sodium concentration in the serum (the blood minus its cells and clotting factors) ranges from 136 to 142 milliequivalents per litre, while the normal potassium level in the serum is kept within the narrow range of 3.5 to 5 milliequivalents per litre. 

A rise in the serum potassium to perhaps 6.2 milliequivalents per litre, as can occur when large numbers of cells are severely injured or die and potassium ions are released, could cause serious abnormalities in the performance of the heart by disturbing the regularity of the nervous impulses that maintain the heart’s rhythm.

The total amount of body water is also maintained at fairly constant levels from day to day by the combined action of the central nervous system and the kidneys. If one were to refrain from drinking any water for a few days, the thirst centre, located in the hypothalamus deep within the brain, would send out messages that would be translated into the feeling of thirst. 

At the same time a hormone from the posterior pituitary gland known as antidiuretic hormone (ADH; vasopressin) would be secreted. This hormone, released into the bloodstream, would reach the kidneys, where it would signal the kidneys to retain water and not excrete it. Should too much water be ingested, ADH secretion would be turned off, and the kidneys would promptly excrete the excess amount.

Potassium is a mineral and is responsible for regulating total body water and stabilizing contractions (both controlled and automatic). A deficiency of potassium (hypokalemia) can manifest as weakness, fatigue, confusion, heart irregularities, and sometimes cause problems in muscular coordination. 

Insufficient potassium can also exaggerate the effects of a lack of available sodium. The first sign of a potassium deficiency is usually a generalized weakness - not something you wish to experience during an Ironman or marathon. Endurance athletes have higher potassium needs due to heavier sweat loss; in a study of athletes running 40 minutes at 21 deg C , potassium loss was estimated at 435 mg/hour. 

Based on this rate of potassium loss, supplementation both during and after short and long events is warranted and necessary. Sweat contains approximately 2 grams of sodium/liter, 1 gram chloride/liter, 0.2 gram potassium /liter, and 0.1 gram magnesium/liter.

When the blood has too much water and too little sodium, brain cells absorb too much water, which causes the brain to swell and the tissue to push against the skull and sometimes down the brain stem. It can lead to nausea, fatigue, vomiting and, in the most severe instances, seizures, coma and even death.

Carbohydrate, which provides fuel for working muscles, and sodium, which helps to maintain fluid balance.  A sports drink should also contain approximately 50mg of sodium per 100ml, along with smaller amounts of the other electrolytes, such as potassium and chloride, which are lost in sweat.

Capt. Ajit VadakayilSeptember 16, 2016 at 10:53 AM

https://sputniknews.com/military/20160915/1045347626/india-russ-a-yasen-submarine.html

IN CASE OF EMP ATTACK

A SUBMARINE SHOULD BE ABLE TO POWER UP COASTAL MILITARY FACILITIES FROM UNDERWATER.

INDIA IS A PENINSULA . .

http://ajitvadakayil.blogspot.in/2015/11/world-war-3-sans-gps-and-emp-taken-out.html

MOST OF OUR ARMED FORCES BIG BRASS ARE LIKE OP JAISHAs FOREIGN COACH . . IF YOU ASK THIS MAN WHAT IS SODIUM, HE WILL SCRATCH HIS HEAD. 

SAME WAY ASK THESE UNIFORMED PEACOCKS , WHAT IS EMP--THEY WILL SCRATCH THEIR BALLS. ( i have already tried it with retired big brass of army/ navy / airforce )

WHY DOES A BLOGGER NEED TO WRITE ALL THIS

capt ajit vadakayil
..

Potassium ions played a critical role in the development of a functional cellular world. Unlike sodium and calcium ions, they do not carry thermodynamically-structured water molecules with them - they move rapidly, breaking up coordinated clusters and increasing the freedom of water so it can assume kinetically-produced linear configurations adjacent to surfaces – it penetrates cavities in proteins to relax and form transient bridges between polar and ionic atoms.

Sodium ions, on the other hand, dehydrate proteins - they draw water away from surfaces to form their own thermodynamic spheres of hydration. In fact, it was this fundamental difference in hydration properties between sodium and potassium ions which provided a mechanism for the development of living cells.

Magnesium is the fourth most abundant element (behind sodium, potassium and calcium) found in your body, with a total of 50 to 60 percent being stored in your skeletal system and the remainder being stored in muscles and soft tissues,.  

Magnesium plays an instrumental role in maintaining both structural (bone) and biochemical (muscle contraction, nerve transmission, enzyme production) homeostasis within your body.

In fact, magnesium is responsible for 80 percent of all enzymatic reactions in the body, regulating virtually every body activity. Because of these established roles, attainment and maintenance of magnesium balance is crucial for optimal health and peak physical performance.

Under normal conditions, the water and electrolyte content of the body is regulated by the kidneys, the secretion of antidiuretic hormone, and the sensation of thirst. The average adult needs to take in about 700-800 mL of water per day in order to match the water lost through perspiration, breathing, and excretion of waste products.

Exercise raises the total metabolism of the body to 5-15 times the resting rate. Most of this energy (70-90 percent) is released as heat, which is partially dissipated by the evaporation of sweat.   Sweat, however, contains sodium chloride as well as smaller amounts of potassium, calcium, and magnesium.

Cation  is an ion carrying a positive charge due to a loss of electrons. Cations in the body include sodium, potassium, magnesium, and calcium ions.

Sodium teams with potassium, the chief cation of intracellular fluid, to maintain proper body fluid and acid-base balance in the cells and tissue and maintain blood pressure. Potassium and other electrolytes—such as magnesium and chloride—perform numerous, multifaceted roles in the body.

They work in concert with sodium to regulate acid-base, electrolyte, and water balance; conduct nerve impulses; promote normal muscle contraction (including the heartbeat); regulate the transfer of nutrients to cells; and maintain the normal function of the kidneys, heart, and nerve cells. An imbalance of any electrolyte can have far-reaching, serious effects within the body

Additional complications arising from supplementing with sodium alone are imbalanced electrolyte levels.  Increased sodium can negatively affect potassium and magnesium levels, which, consequently, could reduce exercise performance and contribute to cramping.

THIS POST IS NOW CONTINUED TO PART 2, BELOW

http://ajitvadakayil.blogspot.in/2016/09/marathon-running-secrets-of_16.html

CAPT AJIT VADAKAYIL